Effect of Tobacco Usage Through Smoking, Chewing, Environmental/Secondhand Tobacco Smoke on Human Reproduction, Pregnancy, or its Outcome-A Descriptive Overview
Abstract
Humans are exposed to tobacco smoke and various tobacco related components while smoking, chewing, or through environmental/secondhand tobacco smoke etc. Tobacco usage causes huge mortality and morbidity. The literature was collected through searching the internet using various keywords and appropriate articles were included. The impact of tobacco smoking, chewing, or environmental/secondhand tobacco smoke on reproductive health and pregnancy outcome is summarized in this overview. Based upon data available, tobacco smoking might relate to erectile dysfunction, deterioration of semen quality, sperm DNA damage, impairment of hormones production and circulation, fertility potential impairment, in male and male-mediated hostile birth outcomes. While data on other forms of tobacco usage with regards to semen quality/ male reproduction is less documented than smoking. The data on females insinuated that tobacco usage affects the mensuration cycle, sexual pleasure, hormone production and release, fertility potential, etc. Prenatal tobacco exposure affects the pregnancy or outcome, birth weight, developmental parameters, menarche, puberty age, etc. In conclusion, the data available suggest that tobacco usage in any manner is harmful to the reproductive health of both sexes and affect pregnancy outcome.
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References
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