Multi-Criteria Analysis to Choose the Suitable Technique of the Treatment of Rural Wastewater

Abstract

In order to find a solution to the problem of liquid sanitation in small communities, especially in the rural area, which suffers from groundwater contamination, source of drinking water, due to the infiltration of raw sewage from uncontrolled latrines.  Therefore, the aim of this work was to develop treatment scenarios in the Bouregreg pilot site, which are likely to mitigate the degradation of environmental quality and could serve as a model for the rural environment. Taking this into account, the objectives of the used approach in this work were: i) to develop a treatment processes database by carrying out a benchmarking of the main domestic wastewaters technical.  ii) to define a multicriteria matrix of different treatments such as design, dimensioning, and the financial feasibility of each treatment through statistical analysis to select the appropriate variant for small communities. Indeed, vertical flow constructed wetland was selected as a suitable and sustainable solution for rural environment.  Moreover, a pilot experimental setup was constructed to evaluate the potential of vetiveria zizanioides that was chosen for treating wastewater generated in campus wastewater outlet of ONEE-RABAT. Various water quality parameters such as Biological oxygen demand (BOD), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), and Solids matters (SM) were performed on the treated water and the overall results demonstrated that the applied system was able to remove 80 to 99 % of BOD, 71 to 90 % of COD, 93 to 99 % of SM and the parameters values of treated water are within the permissible limits for domestic (current legislation of morocco).