Photodegradation and toxicity assessment of lambda cyhalothrin demonstrated by histopathological and biochemical indices in grass carp

Mehwish Niaz; Mehwish Khalid; Nazish Iftikhar; Imran Hashmi

doi:10.47277/JETT/10(4)302

Mehwish Niaz Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
Mehwish Khalid Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
Nazish Iftikhar Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
Imran Hashmi Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47277/JETT/10(4)302

Keywords: Lambda cyhalothrin, Histopathology, Serum Biochemistry, Photodegradation

Abstract

Unsustainable use of agrochemicals has impacted non-target environments mainly the aquatic ecosystem. Lambda cyhalothrin (LCT), a common toxic insecticide has found its way to freshwater resources through run off, leaching and percolation. This has not only compromised the chemical integrity of water reserve but also challenged the survival of aquatic life forms. In this study, grass carp (widely consumed fish in Pakistan) was exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations (0.75, 1 and 1.25µg/l) of LCT and consequent impacts were observed. Moreover, UV light was employed to assess the photodegradation of LCT within experimental tank waters. After 96hr co-exposure experiments, fish presented severe histopathological lesions in its vital organs such as muscles, gills brain and liver. Furthermore, biochemical indices of fish serum like glucose, total protein, triglycerides and amylase levels were also compromised resulting in hypoglycemia and fluctuating serum composition. UV light photo degraded LCT (at all concentrations) and three different UV exposure timings (10, 20 and 30min) when observed through gas chromatography. Gas chromatography results showed that as the initial concentration of LCT increased percent removal or photodegradation decreased. Maximum removal of LCT (62%) was observed at lowest exposure dose of 0.75µg/l and it decreased with increasing initial concentration of LCT.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ghumman AR. Assessment of water quality of Rawal Lake by long-time monitoring. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2011;180(1):115-26.

Xie J, Wang P, Liu J, Lv X, Jiang D, Sun C. Photodegradation of lambda-cyhalothrin and cypermethrin in aqueous solution as affected by humic acid and/or copper: intermediates and degradation pathways. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2011;30(11):2440-8.

Arslan A, Rathor HR, Mukhtar MU, Mushtaq S, Bhatti A, Asif M, et al. Spatial distribution and insecticide susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in dengue affected urban areas of Rawalpindi, Pakistan. J Vector Borne Dis. 2016;53(2):136-43.

Guedegba NL, Imorou Toko I, Agbohessi PT, Zoumenou B, Douny C, Mandiki SNM, et al. Comparative acute toxicity of two phytosanitary molecules, lambda-cyhalothrin and acetamiprid, on Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) juveniles. J Environ Sci Health B. 2019;54(7):580-9.

Xia H, editor Removal of Lambda-Cyhalothrin by Water Hyacinth (Eichornia Crassipes). 2008 2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering; 2008 16-18 May 2008.

Vieira CED, dos Reis Martinez CB. The pyrethroid λ-cyhalothrin induces biochemical, genotoxic, and physiological alterations in the teleost Prochilodus lineatus. Chemosphere. 2018;210:958-67.

Galadima M, Singh S, Pawar A, Khasnabis S, Dhanjal DS, Anil AG, et al. Toxicity, microbial degradation and analytical detection of pyrethroids: A review. Environmental Advances. 2021;5:100105.

Bin Dohaish AJ. Impact of some heavy metals present in the coastal area of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia on the gills, intestine and liver tissues of Lutjanus monostigma. Journal of Environmental Biology. 2018;39:253-60.

Kumar A, Sharma B, Pandey RS. Alterations in nitrogen metabolism in freshwater fishes, Channa punctatus and Clarias batrachus, exposed to a commercial-grade λ-cyhalothrin, REEVA-5. Int J Exp Pathol. 2012;93(1):34-45.

Lushchak VI, Matviishyn TM, Husak VV, Storey JM, Storey KB. Pesticide toxicity: a mechanistic approach. Excli j. 2018;17:1101-36.

Hasan Z, Ghayyur D, Hassan Z, Rafique S. Histomorphometric and Hematological Profile of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) during Acute Endosulfan Toxicity. Pakistan Veterinary Journal. 2015;35.

Colombo R, Ferreira TCR, Alves SA, Carneiro RL, Lanza MRV. Application of the response surface and desirability design to the Lambda-cyhalothrin degradation using photo-Fenton reaction. Journal of Environmental Management. 2013;118:32-9.

Liu PY, Li B, Liu HD, Tian L. Photochemical behavior of fenpropathrin and λ-cyhalothrin in solution. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2014;21(3):1993-2001.

Naeem M, Zuberi A, Salam A, Ashraf M, Elahi N, Ali M, et al. Induced spawning, fecundity, fertilization rate and hatching rate of Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) by using a single intramuscular injection of ovaprim–C at a fish hatchery Faisalabad, Pakistan. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY. 2011;10(53):11048-53.

Khalid M, Naeem M. Proximate Analysis of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) from Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture. 2018;34.

Hadi A, Alwan SF. Histopathological changes in gills, liver and kidney of fresh water fish, Tilapia zillii, exposed to aluminum. International Journal of Pharmacy & Life Sciences. 2012;3(11).

Bacchetta C, Rossi A, Ale A, Campana M, Parma MJ, Cazenave J. Combined toxicological effects of pesticides: A fish multi-biomarker approach. Ecological Indicators. 2014;36:532-8.

Agrahari S, Pandey KC, Gopal K. Biochemical alteration induced by monocrotophos in the blood plasma of fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. 2007;88(3):268-72.

Mahdi B. Physiological Dysfunction in Fish After Insecticides Exposure. In: Stanislav T, editor. Insecticides. Rijeka: IntechOpen; 2013. p. Ch. 4.

OECD. Test No. 203: Fish, Acute Toxicity Test2019.

Djouaka R, Soglo MF, Kusimo MO, Adéoti R, Talom A, Zeukeng F, et al. The Rapid Degradation of Lambda-Cyhalothrin Makes Treated Vegetables Relatively Safe for Consumption. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(7).

Raskovic B, Poleksic V. Fish histopathology as biomarker in ecotoxicology. 2017. p. 155-81.

Iftikhar N, Hashmi I. Assessment of immunohematological, hematological and biochemical responses in cultivable fish Cyprinus carpio exposed to an antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX). Journal of Water and Health. 2020;19(1):108-19.

Peebua P, Kruatrachue M, Pokethitiyook P, Kosiyachinda P. Histological Effects of Contaminated Sediments in Mae Klong River Tributaries, Thailand, on Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. ScienceAsia. 2006;32.

Camargo M, Martinez C. Histopathology of gills, kidney and liver of a Neotropical fish caged in an urban stream. Neotropical Ichthyology - NEOTROP ICHTHYOL. 2007;5.

Arulraj JS, Pandurengan P, Arasan S, Gopalrajan S, Paulraj J. Acute Toxicity of Lamda-Cyhalothrin and the Histopathological Changes of Gill and Liver Tissues of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Journal of Coastal Research. 2019;86(sp1):235-8, 4.

Fernandes CE, da Silveira AW, do Nascimento Silva AL, de Souza AI, Povh JA, Dos Santos Jaques JA, et al. Osmoregulatory profiles and gill histological changes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to lambda-cyhalothrin. Aquat Toxicol. 2020;227:105612.

Alalibo K, Patricia UA, Ransome DE. Effects of Lambda Cyhalothrin on the behaviour and histology of gills of Sarotherodon melanotheron in brackish water. Scientific African. 2019;6:e00178.

Kumar Maurya P, Malik DS, Kumar Yadav K, Gupta N, Kumar S. Haematological and histological changes in fish Heteropneustes fossilis exposed to pesticides from industrial waste water. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal. 2019;25(5):1251-78.

Lakshmaiah G. A Study on the effect of organophosphorus insecticide phorate on brain histopathology of the common carp Cyprinus carpio. 2016.

Sabra F, Mehana E-S. Pesticides Toxicity in Fish with Particular Reference to Insecticides. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences. 2015;3:40-60.

Lakshmaiah G. Brain histopathology of the fish Cyprinus carpio exposed to lethal concentrations of an organophosphate insecticide phorate. 2017.

Kaoud H, El-Dahshan A. Bioaccumulation and histopathological alterations of the heavy metals in Orechromis niloticus fish. Nat Sci. 2010;8.

Bhuvaneshwari R, Padmanaban K, Babu Rajendran R. Histopathological Alterations in Muscle, Liver and Gill Tissues of Zebra Fish Danio Rerio due to Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) and Heavy Metals. International Journal of Environmental Research. 2015;9(4):1365-72.

Singh U, Pandey RS. Fertilizer industry effluent induced hematological, histopathological and biochemical alterations in a stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794). Environmental and Sustainability Indicators. 2021;10:100110.

Fırat O, Cogun HY, Yüzereroğlu TA, Gök G, Fırat O, Kargin F, et al. A comparative study on the effects of a pesticide (cypermethrin) and two metals (copper, lead) to serum biochemistry of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Fish Physiol Biochem. 2011;37(3):657-66.

Jyothi B, Narayan G. Certain pesticide-induced carbohydrate metabolic disorders in the serum of freshwater fish Clarias batrachus (Linn.). Food Chem Toxicol. 1999;37(4):417-21.

Perveen S, Hashmi I, Khan R. Evaluation of genotoxicity and hematological effects in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) induced by disinfection by-products. J Water Health. 2019;17(5):762-76.

Khan A, Shah N, Muhammad M, Khan MS, Ahmad MS, Farooq M, et al. Quantitative Determination of Lethal Concentration Lc₅₀ of Atrazine on Biochemical Parameters; Total Protein and Serum Albumin of Freshwater Fish Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Pol J Environ Stud. 2016;25(4):1555-61.

Abdel-Daim MM, Dawood MAO, Elbadawy M, Aleya L, Alkahtani S. Spirulina platensis Reduced Oxidative Damage Induced by Chlorpyrifos Toxicity in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Animals (Basel). 2020;10(3).

Gopal V, Parvathy S, Balasubramanian PR. Effect of Heavy Metals on the Blood Protein Biochemistry of the Fish CYPRINUS CARPIO AND ITS USE AS A BIO-INDICATOR OF POLLUTION STRESS. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 1997;48(2):117-24.

Verma A, Prakash S. EFFECT OF ARSENIC ON SERUM BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF A FRESH WATER CAT FISH, MYSTUS VITTATUS2020.

Borges A, Scotti LV, Siqueira DR, Zanini R, Amaral F, Jurinitz DF, et al. Changes in hematological and serum biochemical values in jundiá Rhamdia quelen due to sub-lethal toxicity of cypermethrin. Chemosphere. 2007;69(6):920-6.

Atli G, Ariyurek SY, Kanak EG, Canli M. Alterations in the serum biomarkers belonging to different metabolic systems of fish (Oreochromis niloticus) after Cd and Pb exposures. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology. 2015;40(2):508-15.

Bhilave M, Nalawade V, Kulkarni J. Amylase activity of fingerlings of freshwater fish Labeo rohita fed on formulated feed. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies. 2014;2(1):53-6.

Asadi F, Halajian A, Pourkabir M, Asadian P, Jadidizadeh F. Serum biochemical parameters of Huso huso. Comparative Clinical Pathology. 2006;15(4):245-8.

Zafar R, Bashir S, Nabi D, Arshad M. Occurrence and quantification of prevalent antibiotics in wastewater samples from Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan. Sci Total Environ. 2021;764:142596.

Weng X, Cai W, Lan R, Sun Q, Chen Z. Simultaneous removal of amoxicillin, ampicillin and penicillin by clay supported Fe/Ni bimetallic nanoparticles. Environ Pollut. 2018;236:562-9.

Mbugua J, Mbui D, Gn K. Investigation of Rate of Photo Degradation of Chlorothalonil, Lambda Cyhalothrin, Pentachlorophenol and Chlropysis on Tomato and Spinach. Modern Chemistry & Applications. 2017;05.